Chemical apparatus.



J. 0. HALVBRSON.

CHEMICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.19, 1912.

1,072,330. Patented sept. 2,1913.

Ffg. Z

I @Hammam @Mf JOI-IN O. HALVERSON, OF COLUMBIA, MISSOURI.

CHEMICAL APPARATUS.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 19, 1912.

.Patented Sept. 2, 1 9113.

Serial No. 726,788.

l 1o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN O. HALvnnsoN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Columbia, in the county of Boone and State of Missouri, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Chemical Apparatus, ofwhich the following is a specitication.

This invention relates to improvements in chemical apparatus, andparticularly to test bottles adapted for carrying ont the Bab cock milkand cream test.

The object in view is the expeditious and accurate carrying out of theBabcock test with sweetened dairy products, and to this end theinvention comprehends means for removal of the sugar from such productswithout the objectionable charring of the mass, as frequently occursfrom the acid action with apparatus commonly in use.

rllhe invention more specifically involves a container, a graduatedtubular extension therefrom, and a valved discharge for the container'disposed in such relation to said tubular extension as to enable thedrawing off of the acid and sweetened liquid after centrifuging, withoutdrawing ott' the cream or fat, and without causing the charred productsto become commingled with the fat.

The invention more in detail comprehends an improved test bottle.mcdilied from the standard Babcock test bottle and de signed for therapid and easy estinuition of fat in sweetened dairy products by theusual Babcock test, by the employment of a standard Babcock test bottlewhich has been improved by having fused thereto, at a point adjacent tothe bottom of the bottle, a relatively small drain cock and having' aneck graduated at that side of the bottle correspending to that fromwhich the cock pro jects.

The invention further comprises certain novel constructions,combinations and arrangements of parts as will hereinafter in part beset forth and in part become obvious and subsequently detailed in theappended claim.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a view in side elevation of astructure embodying the features of the present invention. Fig. 2 is atop plan view thereof.

The invention herein set forth and claimed is hereby dedicated to thepublic and may be used by the governu'ient of the United States or anyof its o'lticers or employees in the prosecution of the work of theUnited States or by any other person without the payment of any royaltythereon.

Referring to the drawing in detail, B indicates the body of a standardYBabcock test bottle of a minimum capacity of forty-five cubiccentimeters, say for instance a sixinch, thirty per cent. cream testbottle. The body B is forn'ied with a relatively thick bottom B adaptedfor withstanding pressure as high as fortydive pounds per square inch,and fused to the side of the body just above the bottom is a glass stopcock F, preferably of one millimeter bore, the tube (l, o'l the cock Fbeing fused to the body .li at a point above the bottom a distanceapproximately eight millimeters and the tube o being disposed at anangle to the contiguous side of the bottle less than ninety degrees, sothat said tube is disposed on an incline downwardly in an outwarddirection. The tube o of the cock F is preferably approximatelythirtydive millimeters in length and should not exceed forty millimeterswith a bottle whose body il possesses a capacity of forty-five cubiccentimeters.

In the use of the standard Babcock test bottle of the ordinary type fortesting milk or cream, the graduatious on the neck are, of course,proportioned to the quantity of substance to be tested as, for instance,ol all cream test bottles which give most accu rate readings, the ninegram, six and onchalf inch, or nine inch, ti'l'ty per cent. bottle, islargely preferred as it has a narrow neck and the percentage of butter:fat can be read more accurately. The graduated neck reads from zero tofifty per cent. on such standard test bottles, and has a capacity oflive cubic centimeters. lin the testing of milk with such standardbottle, the proper relativo quantity of milk is usually .supplied to thebottle for enabling direct reading of the percentage of butter fat fromsuch gradua tions, but it has been proposed that, instead of utilizingthe fixed quantity of milk, a double quantity be supplied to the bottle,with the result that the slandardizalion ol" the gradualions isdestroyed by being varied approximately one hundred per cent. so thatinorder to read a test in such standard Babcock bottle, it is necessary todivide the actual reading by two. To obviate the necessity for suchcalculations, and avoid errors incidentthereto, the graduatio-ns on thepresent improved bottle are modified from such standard graduations soas to be susceptible of being read directly. That is to say, where thestandard bottle is provided with graduations reading from zero to fifty,the present improved bottle is provided with graduations reading in thesame range as such standard, from Zero to twenty-tive, so

that each point in the improved graduations, in fact, comprehends twopoints of the standard graduation, and therefore a double charge may besupplied to the bottle B and the resultant test, through the actualquantity of butter fat in the neck be doubled, may be read directly inpercentage from the graduations N, as such graduations are arranged toindicate one-half of the valuation of the standard gradita-tions, andhence the direct reading of the graduations N will be accurate Vwhen adouble charge is tested. am thus enabled to read the percentage of fatmore closely and more accurately by virtue of the capacity for treatmentof a double charge, and the further capacity of the direct readingthereof than is possible with the standard test bottle.

In practice, the present improved bottle is, of course, vsusceptible ofmany uses but is particularly designed for enabling the carrying out ofthe Babcock test in a satisfactoryand expeditious manner with sweeteneddiary products. n One illustrative test may beset forth in detail asfollows:

lt being remembered that a standard six inch, thirty per cent.Y Babcockcreamv test bottle is provided with a neck graduated forpercentagereadings when a charge of nine grams is tested at a time, itwill be apparent that with the same size test bottle embodying thepresent improvements, a charge of eighteen grams should be supplied sothat the percentage indications on theV graduations of the improvedbottle neck may be Vread directly and afford accurate reading. Thus,eighteen grams of ice cream may be supplied to a forty-five cubiccentimeters bottle of the `present improved type, to which will be addedslowly, charges of about three cubic centimeters each of sulfuric acid,while constantly rot-ating the mass, pausing between the additions ofportions of acid for giving the acid time to act, after each addition..The supply of acid is continued until an amber brown color is graduallybuilt up, that is, a color approximating that of coffee containingcream. It will be found that from eight to ten cubic centimeters of acidwill be required for attaining this result. After an amber brown colorhas been built up, the mixture is allowed to remain for a short pause,and before the solution becomes too dark, that is a blackish brown, fromfour to five cubic centimeters of cold water are added and the solutionshaken to check the action of the acid.

When the solution has assumed the desired amber brown, after a slightpause, the solution is centrifuged for tive minutes, and immediatelythereafter a su'liicient quantity is supplied to fill the receptacle `upto near the neck, and the solution is again centrifuged for two minutes.After the Vsecond whirling, the acid and all excess water possible aredrained off by opening the stop cock F, except approximately from fourto eight cubic centimeters, the receptacle being carefully tiltedobliquely toward the cock for enabling the draining oif of the acid andwater. Next sulfuric acid is added to the remaining solution in smallportions until a dark brown or coffee black color is obtained, afterwhich a mixture of equal parts of water and sulfuric acid is addedunt-il the solution fills the receptacleA up to the neck. Then thesolution is whirled for two minutes, and then the fat caused to rise inthe neck after supplying sufficient quantity of hot water tothereceptacle for effecting this result, whereupon the solution is againwhirled for a minute, Yor a few times, and the test is co-mplete, readyfor reading. It is to be noted that if the process stated above has.been carefully carried out, prior to the aducts which have beenpreserved by formaldehyde, the process is the same as above statedexcept that at that stage where the solution containing the unpreservedproduct assumes an amber brown color, the solution containing thepreserved product instead assumes a wine red color, which is the endpoint. Y

lt is to be observed thatV the inclination of the tube a insureseffective centrifuging of liquid within the tube, the fat or other lightsubstance moving up the incline away from the axis of rotation. Theadvantages of such inclination of the tube will be c-lear on consideringthe fact that if the tube were extended straight out, that is at rightangles 12@ to the adjacent line of the side of the bottle, y the fatwould collectL along the upperV portion of the tube under centrifugalaction and would not be able to seek the neck of the bottle as no meansof escape from the tube would be provided. v Y

Having thus described the invention,what is claimed as new is:

In a test bottle of the class described, the combination with a body, afat receiving 13o In testimony whereof I aix my signature 1n presence oftwo witnesses.

JOHN O. HALVERSON.

neck therefor extending from the upper portion of the body7 and a draincock connected with the body adjacent to the bottom thereof, and havingthe bore of the tube of the cock disposed at an incline, the inclinationWitnesses: being upward from the outer portion of the J No. C. HoLLowAY,bore toward the body of the bottle. W. A. SHAW.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

